Which of the following aspects is NOT included in disorders of speech according to ASHA?

In the context of disorders of speech as defined by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), reading difficulties are not classified as a speech disorder. Speech disorders specifically pertain to the production and use of oral language, which includes aspects such as speech sound disorders, articulation, and fluency.

Speech sound disorders refer to issues with the pronunciation of sounds, articulation deals with the correct formation of speech sounds, and fluency encompasses the flow and rhythm of speech, including conditions like stuttering. These aspects are all integral to the mechanics of verbal communication.

Conversely, reading difficulties tend to fall under the category of language disorders or learning disabilities, as they involve comprehension and processing of written language rather than spoken language production. This delineation helps identify the specific areas where a person may be experiencing challenges and supports targeted intervention strategies.